The purpose of cervical cancer screening is to identify alterations in the cervix’s cells that may result in cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cervical cytology, often known as the Pap test or Pap smear, are two methods of screening. The majority of women ought to have routine cervical cancer screenings.
What is Cervical Cancer?
The cervix, or lower region of the uterus that links to the vagina, is where cervical cancer starts in the cells. Because it often grows slowly, screening may frequently detect it before it becomes invasive.
Causes and Risk Factors
Persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. Additional risk factors include using birth control pills for an extended period of time, smoking, having several sexual partners, and having a compromised immune system.
Signs & Early Warning Indications
Many times, early-stage cervical cancer is symptomless. When symptoms do appear, they might include discomfort during sexual activity, strange discharge, and irregular vaginal bleeding. To get an accurate diagnosis, screening is essential, as these symptoms might potentially be associated with other illnesses.
Prevention and Screening for Cervical Cancer
Prior to the onset of cancer signs or symptoms, screening is done to find precancerous alterations or early malignancies. Tests that can be used to screen a person for particular forms of cancer before symptoms or indications show have been created by scientists and are still being researched. The main objectives of cancer screening are:
- Lower the number of cancer-related fatalities or do away with cancer altogether
- Reduce number of people who develop cancer
- Identify those who, because of genetic mutations, hereditary disorders, or family history, have an increased risk of getting cancer and may require more frequent screenings or a different kind of screening.
Why is Screening for Cervical Cancer Important?
High-grade alterations in cervical cells often take three to seven years to develop into cancer. Screening for cervical cancer may identify these alterations before they develop into malignancies. Tests can be conducted more regularly on women with low-grade alterations to check if their cells return to normal. Women who have high-grade alterations may receive therapy that involves cell removal. Screening for cervical cancer saves lives. The number of cervical cancer diagnoses and fatalities in the US has dropped by half during the previous 30 years. The primary cause of this is because women are routinely screened for cervical cancer.
Who Needs to Be Examined?
At age 21, women should begin screening for cervical cancer. Every three years between the ages of 21 and 29, it is advised to have a Pap smear. A Pap smear with an HPV test (co-testing) every five years or a Pap smear every three years is advised for those aged thirty to sixty-five.
Women who have compromised immune systems or a history of cervical cancer are examples of risk factors that may require more regular testing.
In What Ways is Cervical Cancer Screening Conducted?
Cervical cancer can be detected by the use of the following procedures and tests:
- Test for human papillomavirus (HPV). A sample of cervix-extracted cells is used for this test. For the Pap test (see below), the same sample is utilized. The HPV strains most frequently associated with cervical cancer are tested for in this sample. Testing for HPV can be done separately or in conjunction with a Pap test. An individual may also choose to get a sample of cells from the vagina on their own for use in this test.
- Pap Smear test. The most popular test for identifying early cellular alterations that may result in cervical cancer has been the Pap test. Another name for this test is a Pap smear. Obtaining a cervix cell sample is necessary for a Pap test. As part of a gynecologic examination, it is frequently performed concurrently with a bimanual pelvic exam. It is possible to combine an HPV test with a Pap test.
- Using acetic acid for visual inspection (VIA). VIA is a screening test that may be performed with only a few simple items and your eyes. White vinegar is diluted and administered to the cervix during VIA. Next, the medical professional examines the cervix, which becomes white when it comes into contact with vinegar, for any anomalies. In areas with restricted access to healthcare, this screening test is highly helpful.
Cervical cancer screening can be performed during a visit with a gynecologic specialist or primary care physician. There may be free or inexpensive screening available in some places.
What Does it Signify If The Results of my Cervical Cancer Screening Test Are Abnormal?
A lot of women receive abnormal findings from cervical cancer screenings. It is not always the case that an aberrant result indicates malignancy. Keep in mind that alterations in cervical cells frequently return to normal on their own. If they don’t, even low-grade alterations may take several years to develop into cancer. If the results of your screening test are abnormal, further testing is required to determine whether high-grade alterations or cancer are present. Follow-up testing may reveal high-grade alterations, in which case you may require therapy to get rid of the aberrant cells.
Summary
The routine screening of women for cervical cancer is an essential part of their medical treatment. Women may take proactive measures to safeguard their health by being aware of the value of early detection, the kinds of tests that are available, and the recommended frequency of screenings. Recall that prompt action and early detection are your strongest lines of defense against cervical cancer.
FAQs
- At what age should I begin having a cervical cancer screening?
At age 21, you should begin having screenings. As you become older, the kind and frequency of screening tests may vary.
- How frequently should I have an HPV test or Pap smear?
Every three years, from the age of 21 to 29, undergo a Pap smear. It is advised to get a Pap smear every three years or every five years in conjunction with an HPV test for those aged thirty to sixty-five.
- Does screening for cervical cancer come with any risks?
In general, screening tests are secure. After a Pap smear, some women may have moderate pain or spotting, although major problems are uncommon.
- If the findings of my test are abnormal, what should I do?
In order to find out what to do next if your test results are abnormal, refer to your healthcare professional for suggestions on further testing or follow-up treatments.
- Is it possible to avoid cervical cancer?
Indeed, routine screening, HPV vaccination, and safe sex practices can help prevent cervical cancer by lowering the risk of HPV transmission.